创建你的第一个Grails应用（中文翻译）

grails -v
| Grails Version: 3.3.8
| Groovy Version: 2.4.15
| JVM Version: 1.8.0_202

grails create-app myApp

grails create-app org.grails.guides.myApp

curl -O start.grails.org/myapp.zip -d version=3.2.4 -d profile=angular

$ grails list-profiles

| Available Profiles
--------------------
* angular - A profile for creating applications using AngularJS
* rest-api - Profile for REST API applications
* base - The base profile extended by other profiles
* angular2 - A profile for creating Grails applications with Angular 2
* plugin - Profile for plugins designed to work across all profiles
* profile - A profile for creating new Grails profiles
* react - A profile for creating Grails applications with a React frontend
* rest-api-plugin - Profile for REST API plugins
* web - Profile for Web applications
* web-plugin - Profile for Plugins designed for Web applications
* webpack - A profile for creating applications with node-based frontends using webpack

grails create-app myApp -profile rest-api

grails create-app myApp -profile org.grails.profiles:react:1.0.2

$ grails profile-info plugin

Profile: plugin
--------------------
Profile for plugins designed to work across all profiles

Provided Commands:
--------------------
| Error Error occurred loading commands: grails.dev.commands.ApplicationContextCommandRegistry (Use --stacktrace to see the full trace)
| Error Error occurred loading commands: grails.dev.commands.ApplicationContextCommandRegistry (Use --stacktrace to see the full trace)
* package-plugin - Packages the plugin into a JAR file
* publish-plugin - Publishes the plugin to the Grails central repository
* help - Prints help information for a specific command
* open - Opens a file in the project
* gradle - Allows running of Gradle tasks
* clean - Cleans a Grails application's compiled sources
* compile - Compiles a Grails application
* create-command - Creates an Application Command
* create-domain-class - Creates a Domain Class
* create-service - Creates a Service
* create-unit-test - Creates a unit test
* install - Installs a Grails application or plugin into the local Maven cache
* assemble - Creates a JAR or WAR archive for production deployment
* bug-report - Creates a zip file that can be attached to issue reports for the current project
* console - Runs the Grails interactive console
* create-script - Creates a Grails script
* dependency-report - Prints out the Grails application's dependencies
* list-plugins - Lists available plugins from the Plugin Repository
* plugin-info - Prints information about the given plugin
* run-app - Runs a Grails application
* run-command - Executes Grails commands
* run-script - Executes Groovy scripts in a Grails context
* shell - Runs the Grails interactive shell
* stats - Prints statistics about the project
* stop-app - Stops the running Grails application
* test-app - Runs the applications tests

Provided Features:
--------------------
* asset-pipeline - Adds Asset Pipeline to a Grails project
* hibernate4 - Adds GORM for Hibernate 4 to the project
* hibernate5 - Adds GORM for Hibernate 5 to the project
* json-views - Adds support for JSON Views to the project
* less-asset-pipeline - Adds LESS Transpiler Asset Pipeline to a Grails project
* markup-views - Adds support for Markup Views to the project
* mongodb - Adds GORM for MongoDB to the project
* neo4j - Adds GORM for Neo4j to the project
* rx-mongodb - Adds RxGORM for MongoDB to the project
* asset-pipeline-plugin - Adds Asset Pipeline to a Grails Plugin for packaging

grails run-app

./grailsw run-app # 使用wrapper

$ ./grailsw

| Enter a command name to run. Use TAB for completion:
grails>run-app      //you can shutdown the app with the stop-app command

./gradlew bootRun

# grails-app/conf/application.yml

server:
  port: 8090

./grailsw run-app --port=8090

<!-- grails-app/views/index.gsp -->

<!-- Line 54 -->

<div id="content" role="main">
  <section class="row colset-2-its">
    <h1>Welcome to My Frist Grails Project</h1>
    <!-- 尝试修改h1标签中的文本 -->

./grailsw create-domain-class Vehicle

| Created grails-app/domain/org/grails/guides/Vehicle.groovy
| Created src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/VehicleSpec.groovy

// grails-app/domain/org/grails/guides/Vehicle.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class Vehicle {

    static constraints = {
    }
}

// grails-app/domain/org/grails/guides/Vehicle.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class Vehicle {

    String name // #1

    String make
    String model

    static constraints = { // #2
        name maxSize: 255
        make inList: ['Ford', 'Chevrolet', 'Nissan']
        model nullable: true
    }
}

jdbc:h2:mem:devDb;MVCC=TRUE;LOCK_TIMEOUT=10000;DB_CLOSE_ON_EXIT=FALSE

$ ./grailsw create-domain-class Make

| Created grails-app/domain/org/grails/guides/Make.groovy
| Created src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/Make.groovy

$ ./grailsw create-domain-class Model

| Created grails-app/domain/org/grails/guides/Model.groovy
| Created src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/Model.groovy

// grails-app/domain/org/grails/guides/Make.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class Make {

    String name

    static constraints = {
    }

    String toString() {
        name
    }
}

// grails-app/domain/org/grails/guides/Model.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class Model {

    String name

    static belongsTo = [ make: Make ]

    static constraints = {
    }

    String toString() {
        name
    }
}

// grails-app/domain/org/grails/guides/Vehicle.groovy

package org.grails.guides

@SuppressWarnings('GrailsDomainReservedSqlKeywordName')
class Vehicle {

    Integer year

    String name
    Model model
    Make make

    static constraints = {
        year min: 1900
        name maxSize: 255
    }
}

// grails-app/init/org/grails/guides/BootStrap.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class BootStrap {

    def init = { servletContext ->

        def nissan = new Make(name: 'Nissan').save()
        def ford = new Make(name: 'Ford').save()

        def titan = new Model(name: 'Titan', make: nissan).save()
        def leaf = new Model(name: 'Leaf', make: nissan).save()
        def windstar = new Model(name: 'Windstar', make: ford).save()

        new Vehicle(name: 'Pickup',  make: nissan, model: titan, year: 2012).save()
        new Vehicle(name: 'Economy', make: nissan, model: leaf, year: 2014).save()
        new Vehicle(name: 'Minivan', make: ford, model: windstar, year: 1990).save()
    }
    def destroy = {
    }
}

// build.gradle

dependencies {
    //...

    runtime 'mysql:mysql-connector-java:5.1.40'

# grails-app/conf/application.yml

dataSource:
    pooled: true
    jmxExport: true
    driverClassName: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver  # 1.
    dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect
    username: sa
    password: testing
environments:
    development:
        dataSource:
            dbCreate: update
            url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/myapp # 2.

$ ./grailsw console

// docs/console.groovy

import org.grails.guides.*

def vehicles = Vehicle.list()

println vehicles.size()

def pickup = Vehicle.findByName("Pickup")

println pickup.name
println pickup.make.name
println pickup.model.name

def nissan = Make.findByName("Nissan")

def nissans = Vehicle.findAllByMake(nissan)

println nissans.size()

$ ./grailsw create-controller org.grails.guides.Home

| Created grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/HomeController.groovy
| Created src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/HomeControllerSpec.groovy

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/HomeController.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class HomeController {

    def index() { }
}

<!-- grails-app/views/home/index.gsp -->

<html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="layout" content="main"/>
    <title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="content" role="main">
    <section class="row colset-2-its">
        <h1>Welcome to our Home Page!</h1>
    </section>
</div>

</body>
</html>

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/UrlMappings.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class UrlMappings {

    static mappings = {
        "/$controller/$action?/$id?(.$format)?"{  // 1.
            constraints {
                // apply constraints here
            }
        }

        "/"(view:"/index") // 2.
        "500"(view:'/error')
        "404"(view:'/notFound')
    }
}

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/UrlMappings.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class UrlMappings {

    static mappings = {
//...

        "/"(controller:"home")  // 1.
//...
    }
}

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/HomeController.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class HomeController {

    static defaultAction = "homePage"

    def homePage() { } // 1.
}

$ ./grailsw create-controller Vehicle

| Created grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/VehicleController.groovy
| Created src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/VehicleControllerSpec.groovy

$ ./grailsw create-controller Make

| Created grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/MakeController.groovy
| Created src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/MakeControllerSpec.groovy

$ ./grailsw create-controller Model

| Created grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/ModelController.groovy
| Created src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/ModelControllerSpec.groovy

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/VehicleController.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class VehicleController {

    static scaffold = Vehicle
}

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/MakeControler.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class MakeControler {

    static scaffold = Make
}

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/ModelController.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class ModelController {

    static scaffold = Model
}

$ ./grailsw generate-views Vehicle

$ ./grailsw generate-controller Vehicle

$ ./grailsw generate-all Vehicle

./ grailsw generate-all com.example.Vehicle -force

$ ./grailsw generate-all Vehicle -force

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/VehicleController.groovy

import static org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND
import static org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.OK
import static org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.CREATED
import org.grails.guides.Vehicle
import grails.transaction.Transactional
@SuppressWarnings(['LineLength'])
@Transactional(readOnly = true) // 1.
class VehicleController {

    static namespace = 'scaffolding'

    static allowedMethods = [save: 'POST', update: 'PUT', delete: 'DELETE']

    def index(Integer max) {
        params.max = Math.min(max ?: 10, 100) // 2.
        respond Vehicle.list(params), model:[vehicleCount: Vehicle.count()] // 3.
    }

    def show(Vehicle vehicle) {
        respond vehicle // 3.
    }

    @SuppressWarnings(['FactoryMethodName', 'GrailsMassAssignment'])
    def create() {
        respond new Vehicle(params) // 3.
    }

    @Transactional // 1.
    def save(Vehicle vehicle) {
        if (vehicle == null) {
            transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly()
            notFound()
            return
        }

        if (vehicle.hasErrors()) {
            transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly()
            respond vehicle.errors, view:'create'  // 3.
            return
        }

        vehicle.save flush:true

        request.withFormat {  // 4.
            form multipartForm {
                // 5.
                flash.message = message(code: 'default.created.message', args: [message(code: 'vehicle.label', default: 'Vehicle'), vehicle.id])
                redirect vehicle
            }
            '*' { respond vehicle, [status: CREATED] } // 3.
        }
    }

    def edit(Vehicle vehicle) {
        respond vehicle // 3.
    }

    @Transactional // 1.
    def update(Vehicle vehicle) {
        if (vehicle == null) {
            transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly()
            notFound()
            return
        }

        if (vehicle.hasErrors()) {
            transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly()
            respond vehicle.errors, view:'edit' // 3.
            return
        }

        vehicle.save flush:true

        request.withFormat {
            form multipartForm {
                // 5.
                flash.message = message(code: 'default.updated.message', args: [message(code: 'vehicle.label', default: 'Vehicle'), vehicle.id])
                redirect vehicle // 6.
            }
            '*' { respond vehicle, [status: OK] } // 3.
        }
    }

    @Transactional // 1.
    def delete(Vehicle vehicle) {

        if (vehicle == null) {
            transactionStatus.setRollbackOnly()
            notFound()
            return
        }

        vehicle.delete flush:true

        request.withFormat {
            form multipartForm {
                // 5.
                flash.message = message(code: 'default.deleted.message', args: [message(code: 'vehicle.label', default: 'Vehicle'), vehicle.id])
                redirect action: 'index', method: 'GET' // 6.
            }
            '*' { render status: NO_CONTENT } // 7.
        }
    }

    protected void notFound() {
        request.withFormat {
            form multipartForm {
                // 5.
                flash.message = message(code: 'default.not.found.message', args: [message(code: 'vehicle.label', default: 'Vehicle'), params.id])
                redirect action: 'index', method: 'GET' //6.

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/HomeController.groovy

package org.grails.guides

class HomeController {

    def index() {
        respond([name: session.name ?: 'User', vehicleTotal: Vehicle.count()]) // 1.
    }

    def updateName(String name) {
        session.name = name // 2.

        flash.message = "Name has been updated" // 3.

        redirect action: 'index' // 4.
    }

}

<!-- grails-app/views/home/index.gsp -->

<html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="layout" content="main"/>
    <title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="content" role="main">
    <section class="row colset-2-its">
        <h1>Welcome ${name}!</h1> <!-- 1. -->

        <h4>${flash.message}</h4> <!-- 2. -->

        <p>There are ${vehicleTotal} vehicles in the database.</p> <!-- 1. -->

        <form action="/home/updateName" method="post" style="margin: 0 auto; width:320px"> <!-- 3. -->
            <input type="text" name="name" value="" id="name">
            <input type="submit" name="Update name" value="Update name" id="Update name">
        </form>

    </section>
</div>

</body>
</html><html>

$ curl -i -H "Accept: application/json" "http://localhost:8080/home/index"

HTTP/1.1 200
X-Application-Context: application:development
Set-Cookie: JSESSIONID=008B45AAA1A820CE5C9FDC2741D345F3;path=/;HttpOnly
Content-Type: application/json;charset=UTF-8
Transfer-Encoding: chunked
Date: Wed, 11 Jan 2017 04:06:57 GMT

{"name":"User","vehicleTotal":3}

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/UrlMappings.groovy

        "/$controller/$action?/$id?(.$format)?" {
            constraints {
                // apply constraints here
            }
        }

<!-- grails-app/views/layouts/main.gsp -->

<html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="layout" content="main"/>
</head>
<!-- ... -->

$ vim grails-app/views/layouts/public.gsp

<!-- grails-app/views/layouts/public.gsp -->

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en" class="no-js">
<head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"/>
    <title>
        <g:layoutTitle default="Auto Catalog"/>
    </title>
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/>

    <asset:stylesheet src="application.css"/>

    <g:layoutHead/>
</head>
<body>

<div class="navbar navbar-default navbar-static-top" role="navigation">
    <div class="container">
        <div class="navbar-header">
            <a class="navbar-brand" href="/#">
                <i class="fa grails-icon">
                    <asset:image src="logo.png"/>
                </i> Auto Catalog
            </a>
        </div>
        <div class="navbar-collapse collapse" aria-expanded="false" style="height: 0.8px;">
            <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
                <g:pageProperty name="page.nav" />
            </ul>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>

<g:layoutBody/>

<div class="footer" role="contentinfo"></div>

</body>
</html>

<!-- home/index.gsp -->

<html>
<head>
    <meta name="layout" content="public"/> <!-- 1. -->
    <title>Home Page</title>

class SomeController {
    def someAction() {
        render view: 'anotherView'
    }
}

class SomeController {
    def someAction() {
        render view: '/another/view'
    }
}

<!-- grails-app/views/home/index.gsp -->

<%@ page import="Vehicle" %>
<html>
<head>
    <meta name="layout" content="public"/>
    <title>Home Page</title>
</head>
<body>

<div id="content" role="main">
    <section class="row colset-2-its">
        <h1>Welcome ${name}!</h1>
        <g:if test="${flash.message}"> <!-- 1.-->
            <div class="message" role="status">${flash.message}</div>
        </g:if>

        <p>There are ${vehicleTotal} vehicles in the database.</p>

        <ul>
        <g:each in="${Vehicle.list()}" var="vehicle">
            <li>
                <g:link controller="vehicle" action="show" id="${vehicle.id}">
                    ${vehicle.name} - ${vehicle.year} ${vehicle.make.name} ${vehicle.model.name}
                </g:link>
            </li>
        </g:each>
        </ul>

        <g:form action="updateName" style="margin: 0 auto; width:320px"> <!-- 2. -->
            <g:textField name="name" value="" />
            <g:submitButton name="Update name" />
        </g:form>

    </section>
</div>

</body>
</html>

<!-- grails-app/views/home/index.gsp -->

    <g:if test="${isThisTrue}">
        Some content
    </g:if>

<!-- grails-app/views/home/index.gsp -->

<%@ page import="Vehicle" %> <!-- 1. -->
<html>
<!-- ... -->
        <p>There are ${vehicleTotal} vehicles in the database.</p>

        <ul>
            <g:each in="${Vehicle.list()}" var="vehicle"> <!-- 2. -->
                <li>
                    <! -- ... -->
                </li>
            </g:each>
        </ul>

<!-- ... -->

<!-- grails-app/views/home/index.gsp -->

<li>
    <g:link controller="vehicle" action="show" id="${vehicle.id}">
        ${vehicle.name} - ${vehicle.year} ${vehicle.make.name} ${vehicle.model.name}
    </g:link>
</li>

<asset:javascript src="myscript.js" />
<!-- 1.  -->

<asset:image src="myimage.png" />
<!-- 2. -->

<asset:stylesheet src="mystyles.css" />
<!-- 3. -->

<!-- grails-app/views/home/index.gsp -->

<asset:javascript src="jquery-3.1.1.js" />

<script type="text/javascript">
  $( document ).ready(function() {
    console.log( "jQuery 3.1.1 loaded!" );
  });
</script>

$ ./grailsw create-service ValueEstimateService

| Created grails-app/services/org/grails/guides/ValueEstimateService.groovy
| Created src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/ValueEstimateServiceSpec.groovy

// grails-app/services/org/grails/guides/ValueEstimateService.groovy

package org.grails.guides

import grails.transaction.Transactional

@Transactional
class ValueEstimateService {

    def serviceMethod() {

    }
}

// grails-app/services/org/grails/guides/ValueEstimateService.groovy

package org.grails.guides

import grails.transaction.Transactional

@Transactional
class ValueEstimateService {

    def getEstimate(Vehicle vehicle) {
        log.info 'Estimating vehicle value...'

        //TODO: Call third-party valuation API
        Math.round (vehicle.name.size() + vehicle.model.name.size() * vehicle.year) * 2
    }
}

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/VehicleController.groovy

import static org.springframework.http.HttpStatus.CREATED
import org.grails.guides.Vehicle
import grails.transaction.Transactional

@SuppressWarnings('LineLength')
@Transactional(readOnly = true)
class VehicleController {

    static allowedMethods = [save: 'POST', update: 'PUT', delete: 'DELETE']

    def valueEstimateService // 1.

    ...
}

// grails-app/controllers/org/grails/guides/VehicleController.groovy

def show(Vehicle vehicle) {
        respond vehicle, model: [estimatedValue: valueEstimateService.getEstimate(vehicle)]
}

<!-- grails-app/views/vehicle/show.gsp -->

<div id="show-vehicle" class="content scaffold-show" role="main">
    <h1><g:message code="default.show.label" args="[entityName]" /></h1>
    <h1>Estimated Value: <g:formatNumber number="${estimatedValue}" type="currency" currencyCode="USD" /></h1>   <!-- 1. -->

$ ./grailsw test-app

$ ./grailsw test-app -unit
$ ./grailsw test-app -integration

$ ./grailsw test-app org.grails.guides.MyTestSpec

// src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/ValueEstimateServiceSpec

package org.grails.guides

import grails.testing.gorm.DataTest
import grails.testing.services.ServiceUnitTest
import spock.lang.Specification

class ValueEstimateServiceSpec extends Specification implements ServiceUnitTest<ValueEstimateService>, DataTest {

    def setup() {
    }

    def cleanup() {
    }

    void "test something"() {
        expect:"fix me"
            true == false
    }
}

$ /grailsw test-app org.grails.guides.ValueEstimateServiceSpec

...
> There were failing tests. See the report at: file:///Users/dev/projects/creating-your-first-grails-app/complete/build/reports/tests/test/index.html

BUILD FAILED

Total time: 6.353 secs
| Tests FAILED Test execution failed

// src/test/groovy/org/grails/guides/ValueEstimateServiceSpec.groovy

package org.grails.guides

import grails.testing.gorm.DataTest
import grails.testing.services.ServiceUnitTest
import spock.lang.Specification

class ValueEstimateServiceSpec extends Specification implements ServiceUnitTest<ValueEstimateService>, DataTest {

    void setupSpec() { // 1.
        mockDomain Make
        mockDomain Model
        mockDomain Vehicle
    }

    void testEstimateRetrieval() {
        given: 'a vehicle'
        def make = new Make(name: 'Test')
        def model = new Model(name: 'Test', make: make)
        def vehicle = new Vehicle(year: 2000, make: make, model: model, name: 'Test Vehicle')

        when: 'service is called'
        def estimate = service.getEstimate(vehicle)

        then: 'a non-zero result is returned'
        estimate > 0

        and: 'estimate is not too large'
        estimate < 1000000
    }
}

$ ./grailsw test-app org.grails.guides.ValueEstimateServiceSpec

...

BUILD SUCCESSFUL

| Tests PASSED

$ ./grailsw war
...
BUILD SUCCESSFUL

| Built application to build/libs using environment: production

$ ./grailsw war -Dgrails.env=development
...
BUILD SUCCESSFUL

| Built application to build/libs using environment: development